Bassa Vasavi Kowsalya 01 01 Longterm crop rotation has emerged as a pivotal strategy to sustain and enhance soil health by modulating microbial communities and soil fertility parameters Empirical evidence demonstrates that diversified rotations particularly those incorporating legumes or cover crops tend to increase microbial biomass shift community composition and enhance Soil Organic Carbon SOC nutrient availability and enzyme activity However the magnitude and consistency of effects vary with rotation diversity crop type management eg fertilizer tillage soil type and climate In India longterm experiments such as the AICRPLTFE All India Coordinated Research Project on Long Term Fertilizer Experiments provide valuable insights into cropping system impacts on soil fertility but comparatively fewer studies address microbial diversity specifically This review synthesizes global and Indian evidence from longterm field trials and metaanalyses examines mechanistic links between rotation microbial dynamics and fertility discusses interactions with other management factors and identifies research gaps It concludes that while crop rotation is effective at improving soil microbial and fertility indicators in the long term more harmonized multisite molecularlevel studies are required to underpin soil health monitoring and policy translation Copyright (c) Journal of Science Engineering Technology and Management Science. All rights reserved 2026