Article
Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Autonomous Environment and Nutrition Management System for Precision Dairy Farming
This research presents the development of an Internet of Things (IoT)-integrated automation framework designed to optimize operational efficiency and animal welfare in dairy cattle farms. The proposed system utilizes the ESP32 microcontroller as the primary processing and communication gateway to synchronize a network of sensors and actuators. Key hardware components include a Real-Time Clock (RTC) for precise task scheduling, DHT22 sensors for microclimatic monitoring, and an I2C LCD for localized status reporting. To mitigate the inconsistencies of manual labor, the system automates critical livestock care through motor-driven feed trays and controlled irrigation via water pumps. Furthermore, environmental stability is maintained through automated foggers and DC fans that activate based on real-time atmospheric thresholds. Leveraging the ESP32’s dual-core architecture and integrated Wi-Fi, the system enables seamless data transmission to a web-based dashboard, allowing farmers to remotely monitor livestock conditions and configure management parameters. Results indicate that this scalable, cost-effective solution significantly reduces manual intervention, minimizes resource waste, and ensures a stress-free environment for cattle. This intelligent farming model provides a viable technological path for small-to-medium-scale dairy enterprises to transition toward precision agriculture.
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